Reaction Paper Sample

Reaction Paper #4: The Prince and the Pauper Monica Sharma I read The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain and enjoyed reading about a wealthy prince name Edward Tudor and a pauper name Tom Canty trading lives with each other and experiencing how it is like to live a life that is totally opposite from what they are used to. It really made me depressed to read the part, â€Å"Drunkenness, riot and brawling were the order, there, every night and nearly all night long. Broken heads were as common as hunger in that place. Yet little Tom was not unhappy. He had a hard time of it, but did not know it.It was the sort of time that all the Offal Court boys had, therefore he supposed it was the correct and comfortable thing. When he came home empty-handed at night, he knew his father would curse him and thrash him first, and that when he was done the awful grandmother would do it all over again and improve on it; and that away in the night his starving mother would slip to him stealthily with any miserable scrap or crust she had been able to save for him by going hungry herself, notwithstanding she was often caught in that sort of treason and soundly beaten for it by her husband. No child should have to go through that sort of violence and abuse, and most children who do usually ends up becoming traumatized and disturbed. After reading that part, it made me want to jump into the book and take Tom away from that horrid place. However, it was interesting to read about how despite the environment Tom was brought up in, Tom was still happy with his life. This made me think, â€Å"How could you be happy with a life where your family abuses you and you’re forced to beg on the streets all day?! Tom even managed to obtain a proper education in his hometown since Father Andrew would always teach Tom â€Å"the right ways† and how to read and write in Latin. The part, â€Å"His head grew to be full of these wonderful things, and many a night as he lay in the dark on his scant and offensive straw, tired, hungry, smarting from a thrashing, he unleashed his imagination and soon forgot his aches and pains in delicious picturings to himself of the charmed life of a petted prince in a regal palace.One desire came in time to haunt him day and night: it was to see a real prince, with his own eyes,† showed me how Tom’s imagination served as an escape from the harsh reality he lives in. Not only that, but Tom’s imagination on becoming a prince makes Tom try to possess the qualities that a prince must always have, such as intelligence and etiquette. Because of this, it makes it easy for Tom to become mistaken as the real prince and blend in gradually.Tom’s daydreaming also causes him to wander through the streets which leads him to his encounter with the prince and their exchange of clothes. I found it funny that just because the prince and the pauper changes clothes, they are treated based on the type of clothes they are weari ng. For example, Tom is treated like a prince because he is wearing royal clothing and Edward, who is the real prince, becomes the pauper and gets treated like one when the guard of the palace sees Edward wearing Tom's rags and throws him out of the palace harshly and into the midst of a rowdy crowd. †¦ the soldier fetched him a sounding box on the ear that sent him whirling to the roadway, and said: â€Å"Take that, thou beggars’ spawn, for what thou got’st me from his Highness! † The crowd roared with laughter. The prince picked himself out of the mud, and made fiercely at the sentry, shouting: â€Å"I am the Prince of Wales, my person is sacred; and thou shalt hang for laying thy hand upon me! † The soldier brought his halberd to a present-arms and said mockingly: â€Å"I salute your gracious Highness. Then angrily, â€Å"Be off, thou crazy rubbish! † I realized that this brought exaggeration to Mark Twain’s quote who stated that â €Å"Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society,† since when the two boys exchange clothes, the prince quickly became the pauper and was treated like one because of the rags he was wearing and the pauper became the prince and was treated like royalty because of the wealthy clothes he was wearing.This also symbolizes the fact that a person from a wealthy background is no different from a person that comes from a poor background since the two boys are easily mistaken to be each other despite their differences. I thought this was weird at first but the more I thought about it, the more it made sense to me. Tom and Edward both have the same height, weight, skin color and similar facial features, and even though they are two different people with two different backgrounds, they were able to easily switch places with each other.If they hadn’t had similar appearances, or if Tom wasn’t intelligent and able to learn how to become a real king , the plot of the story would have been completely different. This meant that the characters in the book had to have certain characteristics in order to fit the plot Twain created. I loved reading the ending of the novel since it was a happy ending (and who doesn’t like a good happy ending? ). In the end, when Edward returns to his rightful place in the throne, you can tell that his experience of living as a pauper affected him greatly.He becomes a great king who is merciful with his people and makes it a priority to get rid of injustice laws. Also, Edward finds all the people who helped when he was a pauper, such as the lawyer from prison and the judge who was nice to him even though he was wrongfully accused of stealing, and rewards them to show his appreciation of their kindness. However, to all the people who mistreated him and their power, he gives them harsh punishment. Everyone finally gets what they truly deserve in the end, yay! 🙂 Reaction Paper Sample Reaction Paper #4: The Prince and the Pauper Monica Sharma I read The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain and enjoyed reading about a wealthy prince name Edward Tudor and a pauper name Tom Canty trading lives with each other and experiencing how it is like to live a life that is totally opposite from what they are used to. It really made me depressed to read the part, â€Å"Drunkenness, riot and brawling were the order, there, every night and nearly all night long. Broken heads were as common as hunger in that place. Yet little Tom was not unhappy. He had a hard time of it, but did not know it.It was the sort of time that all the Offal Court boys had, therefore he supposed it was the correct and comfortable thing. When he came home empty-handed at night, he knew his father would curse him and thrash him first, and that when he was done the awful grandmother would do it all over again and improve on it; and that away in the night his starving mother would slip to him stealthily with any miserable scrap or crust she had been able to save for him by going hungry herself, notwithstanding she was often caught in that sort of treason and soundly beaten for it by her husband. No child should have to go through that sort of violence and abuse, and most children who do usually ends up becoming traumatized and disturbed. After reading that part, it made me want to jump into the book and take Tom away from that horrid place. However, it was interesting to read about how despite the environment Tom was brought up in, Tom was still happy with his life. This made me think, â€Å"How could you be happy with a life where your family abuses you and you’re forced to beg on the streets all day?! Tom even managed to obtain a proper education in his hometown since Father Andrew would always teach Tom â€Å"the right ways† and how to read and write in Latin. The part, â€Å"His head grew to be full of these wonderful things, and many a night as he lay in the dark on his scant and offensive straw, tired, hungry, smarting from a thrashing, he unleashed his imagination and soon forgot his aches and pains in delicious picturings to himself of the charmed life of a petted prince in a regal palace.One desire came in time to haunt him day and night: it was to see a real prince, with his own eyes,† showed me how Tom’s imagination served as an escape from the harsh reality he lives in. Not only that, but Tom’s imagination on becoming a prince makes Tom try to possess the qualities that a prince must always have, such as intelligence and etiquette. Because of this, it makes it easy for Tom to become mistaken as the real prince and blend in gradually.Tom’s daydreaming also causes him to wander through the streets which leads him to his encounter with the prince and their exchange of clothes. I found it funny that just because the prince and the pauper changes clothes, they are treated based on the type of clothes they are weari ng. For example, Tom is treated like a prince because he is wearing royal clothing and Edward, who is the real prince, becomes the pauper and gets treated like one when the guard of the palace sees Edward wearing Tom's rags and throws him out of the palace harshly and into the midst of a rowdy crowd. †¦ the soldier fetched him a sounding box on the ear that sent him whirling to the roadway, and said: â€Å"Take that, thou beggars’ spawn, for what thou got’st me from his Highness! † The crowd roared with laughter. The prince picked himself out of the mud, and made fiercely at the sentry, shouting: â€Å"I am the Prince of Wales, my person is sacred; and thou shalt hang for laying thy hand upon me! † The soldier brought his halberd to a present-arms and said mockingly: â€Å"I salute your gracious Highness. Then angrily, â€Å"Be off, thou crazy rubbish! † I realized that this brought exaggeration to Mark Twain’s quote who stated that â €Å"Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society,† since when the two boys exchange clothes, the prince quickly became the pauper and was treated like one because of the rags he was wearing and the pauper became the prince and was treated like royalty because of the wealthy clothes he was wearing.This also symbolizes the fact that a person from a wealthy background is no different from a person that comes from a poor background since the two boys are easily mistaken to be each other despite their differences. I thought this was weird at first but the more I thought about it, the more it made sense to me. Tom and Edward both have the same height, weight, skin color and similar facial features, and even though they are two different people with two different backgrounds, they were able to easily switch places with each other.If they hadn’t had similar appearances, or if Tom wasn’t intelligent and able to learn how to become a real king , the plot of the story would have been completely different. This meant that the characters in the book had to have certain characteristics in order to fit the plot Twain created. I loved reading the ending of the novel since it was a happy ending (and who doesn’t like a good happy ending? ). In the end, when Edward returns to his rightful place in the throne, you can tell that his experience of living as a pauper affected him greatly.He becomes a great king who is merciful with his people and makes it a priority to get rid of injustice laws. Also, Edward finds all the people who helped when he was a pauper, such as the lawyer from prison and the judge who was nice to him even though he was wrongfully accused of stealing, and rewards them to show his appreciation of their kindness. However, to all the people who mistreated him and their power, he gives them harsh punishment. Everyone finally gets what they truly deserve in the end, yay! 🙂

Littlefield Executive Summary

Production Planning and Inventory Control CTPT 310 Littlefield Simulation Executive Report Arlene Myers: 260299905 Rubing Mo: 260367907 Brent Devenne: 260339080 Miyaoka Scenario, Re: Littlefield Technology Simulation Game: Inventory Management Executive Summary At the onset of the game, we determined there were a few key things that had to be addressed to succeed. The first was to avoid stock outs which had already occurred in the first 50 days. We quickly moved to avoid stock outs by raising the order point.We did this without formal calculations at first to ensure we did not suffer anymore stock outs while we did the analyses. Upon further analysis, we determined the average demand to date to have been 12. 3 orders per day. We forecast demand to stay relatively stable throughout the game based on the information provided. The standard deviation for the period was 3. 64 and the safety factor we decided to use was 3. 0 (98. 86% certainty). Based on the consistent lead time of 4 days, we needed ? 49 kits plus safety stock of 2 x 3. 64 x 3 ? 2 which gave us our order point of 71 kits. Immediately after determining this, we moved to the EOQ: EOQ=2* 3216*1000. 1* 600This equation gave us our final order quantity of 327, although based on slight demand fluctuations we had been at 321 prior to that. Our next move was to determine what machines need to be purchased and how many. Our strategy was to get lead times down below . 5 days and offer customers that lead time to maximize revenue. The difference between remaining at $750/order vs. $1250/order could have been as high as 1. million dollars over the life of the game (218 days) therefore the cost of new machines was small compared to the benefit and the overall revenue potential made it imperative to get to the lowest lead times possible. Because all stations were at times operating at full, we knew that all would create a bottleneck if left to operate as is. We could also see based on the order intake on a given d ay as compared to their operating ratio for the various stations, that a single machine added to each may be sufficient.We immediately decided to purchase machines for all stations believing this may be sufficient to drop lead times to our target. Shortly after purchasing these machines, we changed to contract #2, and after more monitoring we were able to fairly quickly change to contract #3 without any further machine purchases. We monitored lead times and revenues constantly, but at no time felt that the purchase of additional machines was necessary. We believe that our speed at getting these decisions made, and the changes put in place, was crucial to our eventual success.We did see large drops in cash when inventory was purchased but believed that we had done the correct calculations and that we were best to stay the course. We did exactly that until shortly before the time we were to lose control of the factory. We looked at several different strategies to ensure stock was avai lable throughout the last 50 days of the game and that we got caught with minimal inventory at the end of the game. The original plan was to order sufficient inventory and safety stock and carry it through, but upon changing our order point, we quickly realized that we had inadvertently order 350 kits immediately.This forced us to change the strategy slightly, we lowered the order point to almost lead times based on the consistency of the demand and safety stock, and calculated the units we would require, plus enough to ensure that we did not order kits immediately prior to the shutdown. If this plan had worked perfectly, we would have ended up with 51 kits in stock, but that would have required that the demand during the last 50 days be higher than the average. This could have happened based on standard deviation, but as it turns out the daily average demand for the period was exactly 12.We ended up with 182 kits remaining, obviously more than we had hoped, but we did not get caugh t with an outstanding order, or a huge number of units. In conclusion we ended the game in first place and therefore would change very little about how we played the game. We would have been able to reduce the inventory on hand at the end of the game, but the fundamental strategy of getting lead times below . 5 days and maximizing revenue, and our willingness to trust that the calculations made would lead to maximum revenue despite times when we dropped from first, allowed us to win this game.

How to Lead a Healthy Lifestyle?

How to lead a healthy lifestyle? Leading a healthy lifestyle is very important duty to our ownself. How to lead a healthy lifestyle? Firstly, you can exercise regularly to maintain a good health. For example, you can join a gym or find some sport that you like. Next, you can work, jog, and cycle to the destination which near your house. Another example is you can do the stretching exercise when we free. Secondly, you should taking comprehensive and balanced of nutrition to maintain a good health.For example, you can control the total calories, the total heat control at 30kcal/kg. Next, you should reduce the intake of animal fats and sweets, to increase the food of soy products, vegetables, fruits and other foods which rich in potassium and magnesium, and generally ensure that the daily intake of 500g vegetables. Another example, you should eat foods which rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish food is rich in W-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has the role of lipid-lowering, visc osity, and anti-platelet aggregation.Finally, you should develop healthy habits to maintain a good health. For example, you should pay attention to personal hygiene such as wash hands frequently, do not spit, do not dumping trash and other. Next, we should refrain from smoking because smoke is detrimental to human health. Another example, you can drink tea, it is because the tea is recognized worldwide as health drink, and tea polyphones have antioxidant, lipid lowering anti-cancer and other effect.

Conflicts and challenges in Philadelphia Coursework

Conflicts and challenges in Philadelphia - Coursework Example This supports by proper data and scientific evidences that is relevant nowadays. The method which uses is particularized examination of a literature together with the critical summarizing and personal inferences on the topic. â€Å"Of course I actually know no more about Philadelphia in 2009 than does anyone else† – write Bacon in his famous essay (Knowles, 2009), still he makes a try to elaborate a new urban form and planning trajectories for his lovely city. Edmund Bacon has occupied post of the director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission for more than twenty years and tries to use all his knowledge and resources to restore the city plan and contribute a new vision of modern urban area. Bacon argues under the Philadelphia rising from â€Å"post-Depression, post-war inertia – from the old industrial city† (Knowles, 2009). This man has intentions to reconstruct his place of birth and make this city pleasant and renovated. Edmund Bacon has his own special and sometimes contradictory preferences in city construction. His main idea regards in transformation the city into â€Å"a model of humane urbanism† (The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, 2014). After the World War II, Philadelphia has appeared as a place of outworn infrastructure and household deficiency. Deindustrialization course has remained notable and achieved popularity in that period (Knowles, 2009). Bacon suggests the ideas for growth of urbanization and city development as a perspective area. He elaborates a new mega-structure idea due to the perspectives of Philadelphia city peculiarities, but federal government’s Bicentennial planning commission refuses this project due to the high cost of implementation (The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, 2014). Hence, the most prominent reason for incomplete realization of Bacon’s plans is a lack of financial resources. Still, the changes accomplish in some perspective, and

Wildlife and Wind Energy. Leah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wildlife and Wind Energy. Leah - Essay Example The researcher did cover the topic well and broad enough. She discussed how wind energy is a great potential of cleaner and renewable source of energy but it will be more successful if further measures of conserving the habitat are embraced. The researcher concentrated mostly on the negatives of the energy production method and provided measures which if implemented could reduce fatality rate of wildlife. The methods discussed include radar technology, GPS tracking, Ultrasonic acoustics and design of the wind turbines. Studies have been conducted to determine the effect of industrial wind turbines on the environment. There are both positive and negative effects which provide clear evidence. Modern turbines are developed in a way that birds can’t rest on them. This still is not a proper solution because the birds still rest on the generators which have rotating blades that can slaughter them. Many nations are contemplating on methods of generating more sustainable, domestically available energy. Wind energy is seen as the most convenient method because it has economic benefits of development, lack of water consumption and emissions during operation and has low impact on humans. This can be the best method of energy production if it will cater for the wildlife

Corporate Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate Communication - Research Paper Example In order to analyse its theoretical framework, many scholars have developed several corporate communication theories like critical theory, co-orientation theory, discourse theory, stakeholder communication theory etc. Critical theory is the one most popularly used to study the network of communication in an organisation. The framework of critical theory helps to examine the complications and â€Å"contradictions of marginalization and resistance† in an organisation as well as in the society (Littlejohn & Foss, 2009, p.237). Vary explained that â€Å"the adoption of critical theory provides a means of viewing again the notion of knowledge management in terms of the ethics of human communication and allows the questioning of the centrally of rational decision making as basis of managing† (Babos & Peterson, n.d.). This theory emphasises on knowledge and advocates it as the most necessary element for developing a sound communication system. ‘Communication for stakeholders’ is the latest theory that helps to develop the framework for managing an efficient communication system with the stakeholders. This theory analyses the importance of corporate communication in strategic m anagement of stakeholders. Cornelissen has divided the stakeholders into two groups. These are contractual stakeholders and community stakeholder. This theory focuses on establishing communication with each group of stakeholders (Cornelissen, 2004, p.59). Corporate identity attempts to provide an organisation with a unique brand image that differentiates the host from its close competitors. Hatch and Schultz defined corporate identity as a â€Å"symbolic construction† that must be communicated by the decision makers to its employees (Melewar, 2008, p.15). Once the management successfully delivers the objective of corporate identity, the employees must understand their responsibility of developing the organisational culture. In recent years, the urge of gaining corporate identity in business

Ancient Mexico and the Spanish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient Mexico and the Spanish - Essay Example On the other hand, the political control and power of the Spanish even before they came to conquer new world in the 1500s was invested in military personnel who were qualified in terms of leadership skills and prowess to fight. This is thus the reason it was not so hard for the Aztec rulers to welcome the Spanish due to their lack of leadership skills and wisdom. According to history, there are three major reasons that led to the defeat of the Aztec by the Spanish in not only a short span of time but also by a very small number of Spanish people. These reasons include but are not limited to: technology, disease and religion (Pohl, 2005). As discussed earlier, the technology of the Aztec and that of the Spanish was incompatible. The technology used by the Aztec was naà ¯ve, ancient and could not stand a chance with the modern technology of the Spanish. This is especially so with fighting technological gear. The Spanish therefore easily used their horses, guns, cannons and qualified military to fight the unqualified, sword-fighting Aztec soldiers. The Aztec people were religious individuals who related everything in their life with religion including sickness, death and success. As a result of their many gods, they thought the Spanish were one of their gods and hence welcomed them in their empire and exposed them to their lifestyle and once the Spanish had learnt enough about the Aztec people, they easily conquered them without using much military force or personnel. The Spanish brought with them diseases like measles when they came in 1519 to Aztec. Since the Aztec people had no developed technology in medicine and relied on herbal doctors who had no idea what measles what or even how to cure it, many Aztecs died of the disease and the remaining were too weak to fight the conquers hence it was easy for the Spanish to defeat them. The

Psychology of personal adjustment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology of personal adjustment - Term Paper Example The word adjustment is quite often used in our daily life. It refers to the establishment of a healthier relationship with the environment and others. No two individuals are alike. So, all the individuals behave or interact in their own ways. The right of one person may not be the right of the other person. Similarly the wrong of one person may not be the wrong of another person. This is because of the fact that different people may have different perceptions, thoughts and attitudes. Since man is a social animal, he needs to adjust with other people who possess different opinions, views etc. Same way, it is necessary for the people to adjust with the changing environment. The environment is not a static entity and it changes rapidly. A person who fails to adjust with such environmental changes may face difficulties in leading a successful life. In short, proper adjustments with the environment and others are necessary for a person to lead a successful life. It is difficult to see two people with same personality. Personality development depends on heredity and environmental factors. ... The adjustment ability of a person depends on so many factors such as the nature of the situation, his socioeconomic status, his physical and mental health, his personality etc. For example, different people may react to the death of a beloved one differently. This is because of the differences in abilities of the people with respect to the adjustments while facing tough life situations. The person who tackled the death of a beloved one with less worry may be said to be well adjusted. On the other hand some people may even develop mental disorders while facing the death of beloved ones. In this case, we said that the person was maladjusted. Adjustment is closely related with the mental health of a person. In fact adjustment can make or break a person. Better adjustments will always help the person in leading a successful life whereas maladjustments will destroy a person. People with good mental health will always adjust well whereas people with weak mental health will struggle to adj ust well. â€Å"To some, mental health implies living securely, enjoying life, being productive, and having a sturdy ego that is capable of withstanding stress. Others say that these properties are a prerequisite to mental health, but not mental health itself† (Adjustment Problems, n. d). In any case, it is an accepted fact that the ability to adjust well is a strong indication of better mental health. A person with better mental health will always take analyze things based on the realities of life. Facts will be the things which motivate such people rather than fiction. Mentally healthy people will always take decisions based on their wisdom rather than emotions. All these positive qualities help him to better adjust when he faces tough situations. Heredity and

Seminar inCriminology Discussion 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seminar inCriminology Discussion 4 - Essay Example After this period, the use of force reduced when the police were dispersing crowds during riots or human rights groups and activists on strike. From the study that I selected on police use of force, there are several findings that Langston and Durose established in year 2011 regarding the use of police brutality and their behavior on streets and highways. On page 21, the study shows that the percentage of persons stopped in table 12 and 13 increased when the persons were stopped for no reason. However, despite being stopped for no reason, table 12 shows that 9.0% of the police behave appropriately. According to Langston and Durose (2013), persons who were stopped from any other reason, only 3.9% of the police behave appropriately. In table 13, the rate of people who reported that they thought excessive force was used and rated at 3.5% (Langston & Durose, 2013). The findings in the study show that there was a drop in instances when the police used force in 2011. This is a drop compared to the 1970s, when there were more instances recorded where the police used a lot of

Marketing Ethics at Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Ethics at Apple Inc - Essay Example Both of them left college without graduating in order to launch their dream company. Owing to the fact that they did not have enough capital to buy offices, they started by working out in a garage. The idea that there were two young people who so believed in what they were able to create that they even left university to do it is what inspires so many people about Apple. Steve Jobs is still viewed by many as the genius who literally inspired many people to begin to love computers. Jobs was behind Apple’s first technological marvels such as Macintosh, Apple brand, and Power Mac computers (Lashinsky 2012). Apple Computer’s iconic advertisement that ran during the 1984 Super Bowl so inspired people that they actually snatched fliers from Apple’s representatives at the end of the games (Lashinsky 2012). Apple’s profile suffered a momentary lapse shortly after the success of Macintosh when Steve Jobs left the company after a power struggle (O'Grady 2009). His return, more than 10 years later, marked another period of prosperity for Apple. People began to associate Apple’s success with Steve Jobs. In 2001, Apple launched the Apple iPod. The ingenuity of this device had other electronics companies scrambling and trying to produce duplicates of it that had more operations than Apple’s model. None, though, was considered by the public to be as good as the original. Many attribute Apple’s success to the extraordinary crea tivity of its late CEO Steve Jobs. When he succumbed to cancer in 2011, many technology experts were convinced that Apple would never be able to find another like him. Good Marketing Ethics at Apple Inc. Throughout its existence, Apple has tried to make sure that its workers always exhibit the appropriate conduct in all circumstances. It believes that it owes its success to the creation of high-quality and innovative products as well as the demonstration of uprightness in every business transaction (Shaw 2003). Apple holds that respect, honesty, compliance and confidentiality are the qualities that denote business integrity (Linzmayer 2004). To include these values into its workforce, Apple has outlined a code of conduct that is observed in all its branches worldwide. It has also availed more detailed policies that concern conflict of interest, corporate governance, and rules on how to report any instances of questionable conduct (Lashinsky 2012). Furthermore, Apple offers its worke rs a Business Conduct Helpline through which they can testify on any misconduct to the corporation’s Audit and Finance team. To stress on its pledge to ensure dependable supplier conduct, Apple issues a yearly Apple Supplier Responsibility statement that clarifies its audit conclusions, supplier expectations and the remedial actions the corporation will take against foreign branches where violations have taken place (Lashinsky 2012). Apple commodities are intended to have a lengthier lifespan as the hardware is created from sturdy materials such as aluminum and recyclable glass. The operating system is created to be useful even after years of being in the market (Alas, Ennulo and Turnpuu 2006). Owing to this fact, Apple’s commodities do not have to be replaced as often as those of other electronics corporations. This leads to fewer products being consumed, and less demand put on the large-scale workforce. If demand as well as world population were to decrease, Apple ma nufactured goods would be the primary products to be ethically sustainable due to the fact that they can be created by workers who are not overburdened with work or live in cramped quarters (Lashinsky 2012).

Treating Tobacco Dependence Essay Example for Free

Treating Tobacco Dependence Essay The article aims to reveal the connection between tobacco dependence, smoking cessation, and depression, in mentally ill health patients, especially those who have been previously diagnosed with unipolar depression. According to previous studies, smoking cessation causes depression in individuals who have suffered from the condition previously. Moreover, statistics gathered from comprehensive data analysis and research show that most individuals suffering mental conditions are highly dependent on tobacco use, which poses detrimental effects on their health. Resolutions in order to stop mental health patients or individuals previously diagnosed with depression from smoking, is yet to be discovered due to the absence of comprehensive information of how to handle relapse after smoking cessation. Since then, the treatment of tobacco abuse has become difficult since individuals with mental health conditions or who were previously diagnosed with depression, since undergoing smoking cessation, have worsened their present mental health functioning or have influenced them to revert to their previous depressive conditions. Another study conducted by Glassman et. al. on 100 individuals who were found out to have history of depression resulted to similar outcomes. They were administered with setraline, which was utilized to inhibit individuals from smoking and eventually help them get over the addiction. Majority of the sample population obtained for the study relapsed into their depressive state. The study conducted by Tsoh et. al., on the other hand, revealed that almost half of the sample population who were involved in smoking cessation also returned to their previous depressive state. If individuals who previously suffered from depression depend on tobacco use to repress depressive symptoms, then they would doubly suffer if smoking cessation were administered as a means of ending tobacco use. The particular study aimed to identify the extent of damage for individuals who depend on tobacco use and the effects of smoking cessation shortly after. The research studied and observed 322 individuals who are highly dependent on smoking, and who were previously diagnosed with unipolar depression. The individuals who were asked signed up and participate in the research were allowed by the mental health outpatient clinics, following up consent from these institutions. The particular research utilized a computer program designed to accomplish the purpose of the study. The computer program was employed to provide feedback for the changes in the behavior of an individual regarding smoking as they were monitored for a particular period of time. Individuals who took part in the research study completed the program from baseline, the third, sixth, twelfth, and eighteenth months following smoking cessation. The feedback generated for each program completion was based on previous data gathered from the individual. The standard for individuals who quit smoking was based on the individual’s abstinence from smoking for a seven-day period. To measure the results when it comes to mental conditions, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Mental Component Summary of Medical Outcomes Study Short Form, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. The results of the study were analyzed by utilizing a table, which monitored the mental health functioning of individuals as they commenced with smoking cessation practices. As the time progresses, the feedback generated by the computer program utilized in the study revealed that, individuals slowly showed signs of quitting from smoking. Some individuals reverted to alcohol and drug abuse, while some also lessened their use of drugs and alcohol. Only a small portion of the total population successfully quit from smoking. The results of the study were taken vis-à  -vis the findings of another study conducted by Hall and et. al. The study showed that individuals who are presently undergoing serious mental health conditions, such as depression, could be possibly assisted to undergo smoking cessation. This process, of intervention while experiencing mental health conditions would not hold negative effects upon recovery. Moreover, on a positive note, those who were found out to have successfully quit smoking also lessened their intake of alcohol, drugs, and other substances that led to addiction. The most significant outcome of the study reveals that both groups of individuals, mentally ill patients who underwent smoking cessation and abuse intervention, and those who successful quit smoking did not manifest any symptom of depression. Therefore, the study strongly supports intervention while patients are under care for mental health problems, rather than waiting for the depressive state to subside. This study greatly contributes to previous studies conducted in order to determine smoking cessation and its influence to patients with mental health problems that are highly dependent on tobacco use. Although the problem still lies with individuals who depend on tobacco use, and have suffered depression previously, and smoking cessation, there should be certain regulations and interventions prior to the elimination of mental health functioning. For instance, mental health patients should not be allowed to revert to smoking in order to suppress their depression. Mental health clinics should implement more programs and activities that are interesting and are more prone to relieve the stress of the patients in order to revert their attention from smoking cigarettes. This measure is an efficient way of influencing greater effects on the mental health of individuals, and also to save cost and effort on the part of mental health clinics, once previous patients relapse into their depressive states.          References Prochaska, J. J., Hall, S. M., Tsoh, J. Y., Eisendrath, S., Rossi, J. S., Redding, C. A., Rosen, A. B., Meisner, M., Humfleet, G. L., Gorecki, J. A. (2007). â€Å"Treating Tobacco Dependence in Clinically Depressed Smokers: Effect of Smoking Cessation on Mental Health Functioning.† American Journal of Public Health. Retrieved May 7, 2008, from MWATT. Website: http://mwattc.com/docs/depressedsmokers.pdf

Investigating a simple pendulum Essay Example for Free

Investigating a simple pendulum Essay In a way, I think that my experiment was successful. Most people would say that it would not have been a successful experiment if their results did not exactly match some of their predictions, just like my results, but I think that my experiment was a successful one because it made me realise that results will not always match predictions and it is fine to get results different from those you expected because it gives you more things to investigate when doing your evaluation. I think that my experiment was quite a fair one seeing as each test was done three times and an average result was taken. When I was testing the variables, length, mass and amplitude, I only tested one at a time, keeping the other two variables the same. I performed the experiment in the centre of the work bench, so the pendulum could not hit anyone passing by or and walls or other objects. As I said earlier in my obtaining evidence part of this coursework I think my results may have been slightly inaccurate seeing as the precision of my results depended on my hand-eye coordination which could not have been the same every time I judged when to stop the stopwatch. I think that my results would be quite easy to reproduce seeing as they all follow the expected patterns and were all taken three times and an average was also taken. I will now be attempting to explain why I think that my results did not match those of the equation: One of the reasons for this may be that my results could have been slightly inaccurate. Another reason may have been that the apparatus that I used was not as accurate as it could have been. If we look at the table of results for the formula, we can see that as the length increases, the difference between the actual time taken for one swing of the pendulum and the formula result gets closer. This could mean that the formula is meant for slightly larger lengths than 10 and 15 centimetres, maybe something such as one metre and above. Or it could mean that my results are inaccurate, especially those with shorter lengths, seeing as they swing faster and are obviously harder to get accurate results for. And now I will be attempting to explain why I think that the formula: , did not give a constant result. The reasons are the same as the ones for the above formula, that my results may have been slightly inaccurate and that the apparatus I used may also have been inaccurate. And again, if we look at my table of results, the results of the formula seem to get closer to a constant as the length increases. This could mean that the formula is meant to be used for slightly larger lengths than those that I investigated or it could mean that my results are slightly inaccurate, again especially with those smaller lengths, seeing as they are harder to time as they swing a lot quicker than the larger lengths. If I had to do the experiment again, I would use some different equipment and I would only investigate length as a variable seeing as I now know that it is the only variable that affects the time taken for one swing of the pendulum. The piece of equipment that I would want to change most would be the time measuring device that I used. A good time measuring device would ensure both accurate and reliable results, which is what every experiment needs to be truly successful. The best device I can think of would be a light sensitive one which starts a timer when the beam of light is broken, by the string passing through it, and stops it when the beam is broken again. Using this method would not only ensure accurate and reliable results, but it would allow me to get the time taken for one swing only and not the average of ten swings divided by ten. But such a piece of equipment would be very expensive and would also be very hard to set up, so I therefore think that it would not be possible to use a piece of equipment like the one described above. From looking at my results, I would also change the lengths of the strings that I would time, seeing as when I compared my results to those given by the formulas, the shortest lengths of string gave the most out of place results. I would probably test lengths of around one metre to one and a half metres. When I got these results I would also compare them to the two formulas I have used throughout this coursework. If I had more time I probably would have done each test five times instead of three to be more sure of reliable and accurate results. I would have also tested a wider range of lengths and then I would have been able to see if my predictions were totally correct or whether they were slightly wrong. From testing more lengths I would also have been able to find out whether the formula: , worked and also whether the formula: , gave a constant result. And just as a final thought, even though I know it would not be possible, I would like to investigate the effect that gravity would have on the time for one swing of the pendulum. I think that gravity would have an effect on the time taken for one swing of the pendulum seeing as it features in the same equation that helped me to predict that only length would effect the time taken for one swing of a simple pendulum.

Crumb Rubber Particles as an Alternative Aggregate

Crumb Rubber Particles as an Alternative Aggregate EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CRUMB RUBBER PARTICLES AS AN ALTERNATIVE AGGREGATE IN ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE Abstract Several research works have been evaluated potential of the fresh concrete and hardened concrete properties of crumb rubber concrete (CRC). Technical characteristics (porosity, ductility, cracking resistance performance) can be improved by using rubber particles (Meddah et all., 2014). The aim of this present study is to elaborate the performance of different size crumb rubbers in roller compacted concrete (RCC). This study investigates experimentally the effect of using four particle size of crumb rubber (CR) (0.5-1mm, dust crumb), (1-3mm), (3-5mm), and combination of all of them in RCC by replacing with 0%, 10% aggregates 7, 14 and 28 days. Tests conducted on the fresh and hardened concrete include unit weight, toughness, modulus of elasticity, porosity, compressive strength, tensile strength are investigated respect with crumb rubber in RCC mix. Key words: Sustainability, Recycling, Concrete Technology, CR, CRC, RCC. Background Industrial and manufacturing wastes lead serious and ongoing threats in the environment. Sustainable development principles and environmental protection regulations help to conserve natural resources and reduce the amount of waste without jeopardizing the future. Therefore, recycling has been providing a significant environmental awareness related with construction. Sustainable structural engineering has become increasingly important subject for researchers.   Recycling and application of waste materials in concrete has been increasing to improve material properties of the concrete when decreasing costs of concrete in the past three decades (Ataei,2015). Relating to this principle, different environmental friendly solutions have been searched by improving material properties of the concrete. Reusing the demolished materials helps to prevent environmental pollution, keep the natural sources and use eco-friendly materials. Integrating environmental-friendly construction solutions is a highly focus field infrastructure or new construction projects by using polymer materials. Concrete additives producing from waste materials such as cellulose, wood lignin, bottom ash, fly ash and silica fume have been considered as viable or beneficial (Toutanji,1996). Rubber has attracted a great research attention because of the enormous quantities of waste rubber around the world and its potential in the construction. Many civil engineering applications have been carried out the utilization of rubber for the production materials in the construction industry. Rubber is one of the three main polymer material groups; the annual consumption of natural rubber is more than 15 million tons, and the output of rubber products is more than 31 million tons worldwide [1]. Accumulation of discarded waste tire has been a major concern because waste rubber is not easily biodegradable even after a long period of landfill treatment [2]. The storage of wastes in landfills represents environmental and public health hazards of increasingly relevant. The landfills with rubber waste are responsible for a grave risk in the ecology and the threat is always present. Even after long-period of landfill treatment, unmanaged waste tire poses environmental health risk throug h fire hazard and as a breading ground for disease carrying mosquitoes. Therefore, utilization of crumb rubber (CR) from this scrap tires for the production building materials in the construction industry would help to reserve natural resources and also maintain the ecological balance [3,4]. Crumb rubber concrete (CRC) has been previously investigated to determine the fresh and hardened properties in several research works such as waterproofing, asphalt pavement, membrane lines. Previous works show that unit weight of CRC decreases as the percentage of the CR replacement increases due to the low specific gravity of CR particles. The strengths (compressive, flexural, splitting and modulus) of CRC decrease as the partial replacement of fine aggregate with CR aggregates. CRC exhibits high capacity for absorbing plastic energy under both compression and tension loading which also possesses higher toughness. Partial replacement of the fine aggregate by CR will improve workability of CRC [5,6,7,8]. RCC is a dry (zero-slump) conventional concrete which has been made by vibrating rollers (Neville and Brooks, 1990). RCC has same ingredients with ordinary concrete (aggregates, cement, water and admixtures), lower cost and easier implementation (Meddah et all.,2014). So, RCC properties which is the subjected matter of this study is considered its advantages with CR. Aim and Objectives The main objective of this research is to improve performance of RCC by mixing with CR. Based on this research, five mixes are prepared RCC without CR, RCC with CR (maximum size of 1, 3, and 5) by using coarse and fine aggregate, cement, water and additive. There are 15% cement, 30% aggregate, 55 % sand. Crumb rubber is used to replace with fine aggregate (sand) at 10%. In particular, technical objectives can be described as follow. To define contents of RCC, cement and water contents are prepared related to ASTM D1557 standards (Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort) by using soil mechanics procedure (Marchand et al.,1997; Meddah et all, 2014). To understand density and workability, according to ASTM C1170 (Standard Test Method for Determining Consistency and Density of Roller-Compacted Concrete Using a Vibrating Table), mechanical tests of fresh concrete (VeBe test and density of fresh concrete) can be measured for each sample. To evaluate mechanical tests of hardened concrete (Compressive Strength Test, Splitting Tensile Strength Test and Bending Test are measured at 7, 14, 27 days related to ASTM C39, ASTM C78 and ASTM C496. Each test consists of 3 samples to each rubber contents. The arithmetic mean of three value is investigated for all experiments. Cylinder and cube specimens (150 x 300mm) and (100 x 100 x 100 mm) are prepared for compressive strength test, beam specimens (100 x 100 x 500 mm) are made for bending strength test and cylinder specimens (150 x 300 mm) are used for splitting tensile strength test. To determine static modulus of elasticity and poisons ratio of concrete in compression, ASTM C469 is used at 28 days. Number of Samples Compressive Strength Bending Strength Splitting Tensile Strength Rubber Size Cylindric (150300 mm) Cube(100x100x100mm) Prismatic(100x100x500mm) Cylindric (150 x300mm) 0 3 3 3 3 0.5-1mm 3 3 3 3 1-3mm 3 3 3 3 3-5mm 3 3 3 3 0.5-5mm 3 3 3 3 Total number of sample is 60.

Essay --

â€Å"You cannot hinder someone’s free will, that’s the first law of the Universe, no matter what the decision.† ― E.A. Bucchianeri One of the most controversial debates in the United States is abortion. It remains a highly politicized issue based on morality, gender roles, political ideology, personal responsi ¬bility and human rights. Even with increased state restrictions and the anti-choice movement’s efforts to limit abortion, half of unin ¬tended pregnancies in the United States still end in abortion (Mohr, 1979). When discussing abortion it is easy to get lost in your own views whether they are pro-choice or pro-life but ultimately one must remain mindful that though highly debatable; abortion is legal within the United States and it is the women’s choice what they decide to do with their bodies. This quote directly relates to the current Abortion Op-out policy revolving around abortion. The current debate of abortion surrounds around the most recent Affordable Car Act (healthcare reform law) which began under the Obama Administration. The law allows states (through legislation) to prohibit abortion coverage in qualified health plans offered through an exchange. If insurance coverage for abortion is included in a plan in the exchange, a separate premium is required for this coverage paid for by the policyholder. (Bailey, 2011) To this date close to 30 states have passed the Abortion Opt-Out Law and have already began enforcing it or plan to begin in 2014. In Michigan this law was initially vetoed by Governor Synder but later petitioned and will most likely be added to the ballot in November 2014. The enactment of this law has effects on the economy in many different ways. It has the ability to hinder a woman’s decisions when ... ...bortion laws and restrictions pro-choice are fighting to destroy those laws and restriction. It is a constant ongoing political battle for pro-choice and pro-life supporters as there will always be conflict regarding the issue. Conclusion All in all, it takes a lot of effort to evoke social change and make social policies. It takes the support of social movement organizations, political legislators, and community activist. Together they all look at the effects the policy would have on the economy and the individuals. When it comes to Abortion Opt-Out it has been founded that many American’s are in support of the law and while they do support abortion they do not wish public funds to pay for it. Though the restrictive laws are tedious and cumbersome the outcomes of the children who are born into families that want them ultimately have positive outcomes later in life.

Sexism in the Workplace :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Essays

Sexism in the Workplace Gender Roles Children learn from their parents and society the conception of "feminine" and "masculine." Much about these conceptions is not biological at all but cultural. The way we tend to think about men and women and their gender roles in society constitute the prevailing paradigm that influences out thinking. Riane Eisler points out that the prevailing paradigm makes it difficult for us to analyze properly the roles of men and women in prehistory "we have a cultural bias that we bring to the effort and that colors our decision-making processes." Sexism is the result of that bias imposed by our process of acculturation. Gender roles in Western societies have been changing rapidly in recent years, with the changes created both by evolutionary changes in society, including economic shifts which have altered the way people work and indeed which people work as more and more women enter the workforce, and by perhaps pressure brought to make changes because of the perception that the traditional social structure was inequitable. Gender relations are a part of the socialization process, the initiation given the young by society, teaching them certain values and creating in them certain behavior patterns acceptable to their social roles. These roles have been in a state of flux in American society in recent years, and men and women today can be seen as having expanded their roles in society, with women entering formerly male dominions and men finding new ways to relate to and function in the family unit. When I was growing up a woman was never heard of having a job other than a school teacher or seamstress. Our(women's)job was to take care of the house. We had a big garden out back from which we got most of our vegetables?A garden is a lot of work you know?We also had to make clothes when there were none to be had(hand-me- downs) Gender can be defined as a social identity consisting of the role a person is to play because of his or her sex. There is a diversity in male and female roles, making it impossible to define gender in terms of narrow male and female roles. Gender is culturally defined, with significant differences from culture to culture. These differences are studied by anthropologists to ascertain the range of behaviors that have developed to define gender and on the forces at work in the creation of these roles.

cocaine production Essay -- essays research papers

Cocaine Production in Columbia Columbia is the largest coca producing country in the world. Over 70% of our nation’s cocaine is produced and manufactured in Columbia (â€Å"battles won† 1). The cocaine production in Columbia is different than the rest of the Andean countries because it is grown on plots of land that are gigantic, whereas in Peru and Bolivia coca is grown on small plots of land. Cocaine producing plants are poor farmer’s biggest cash crop. Battles are fought every day between the government and farmers over thousands of acres that produce the raw material for cocaine. In the region that most of these farmers live the growing of coca and the transformation to cocaine is the largest and only functioning industry. It is a reliable income that has brought money into the country’s economy for over forty years (â€Å"a crop† 1). For many of these farmers, coca is the only plant that can bring enough money to their family for survival. Coffee, sugar, and bananas have bee n a major export for farmers in the past but a worldwide over-production has lead the farmers to producing fields of cocoa bushes. The lone functioning governments in parts of Columbia are leftist guerrillas. In these areas order is maintained by FARC, which is the countries largest rebel army. The Columbian governments have put laws into place since the 1990’s to cut down on drug trafficking. â€Å"A legal structure has been in place that encourages traffickers to surrender and collaborate with the authorities in return for judicial leniency†(Clawson 90). The drug trafficking in Columbia is causing many problems for Columbian and United States governments. These drug traffickers earn billions of dollars every year selling cocaine to Europe and the United States. The use of the coca plant has been a major way of life for indigenous people for thousands of years. Before coca was mainly used to produce cocaine, it was used by laborers as a mild narcotic to suppress hunger and give energy. â€Å"Some 70 different folk remedies include coca, sometimes in combination with other plants†(Lee 24). â€Å"Cocaine is one of 13 alkaloids produced from the coca leaf, which has been cultivated in South America for at least 2,000 years†(Lee 21). In Columbia it is illegal to grow coca plants unlike Bolivia and Peru but Columbia is still the world’s largest producer of Cocaine. This is credit to drug cartels in Columbia... ...e. Battles are fought every day between the government and farmers over thousands of acres that produce the raw material for cocaine. The Columbian government needs to go into the jungle and wipe out the guerrilla groups but cocaine has somewhat kept Columbia’s economy stable and if cocaine production is demolished then the country might hit rock bottom. The best solution to Columbia’s problems is to cut down on the production of cocaine and create more profitable programs that encourage farmers not to produce coca. Work Cited â€Å"The Absurdity of the Drug War in Columbia†. The Thistle. Oct.2001. Vol.13. 1-2 â€Å"Andean Drug Battle Bears Fruit† Christian Science Moniter.April 2000. Vol.92 . Issue 98 â€Å"Andean Coca Wars†. Economist.March 2000. Vol.354. Issue 8160.1-3 â€Å"Battles won, a War still Lost†.Economist. Feb. 2005. Vol.374. Issue 8413. 1-3 Clawson, Patrick L. The Andean Cocaine Industry. New York:St. Martin’s Press. 1996 â€Å"Columbia’s Cocaine Frontier. National Review. Dec. 2001. Vol.26. Issue 6. 1-6 â€Å"A War Down on the Farm†. Christian Science Moniter. May 2001. Vol.93. Issue 125, 1-3 Lee III, Rensselaer W. The White Labyrinth. New Brunswick. Transaction Publishers. 1989

Leadership Principles for Healthcare

America needs good leadership in every comer. Too often mediocrity is present in business, government, schools, and churches. In a rapidly changing world, it is crucial to have strong leaders. Although no set formula exists for defining leadership, studies show a few basic commonalities among people generally considered effective leaders. This paper discusses the principles of effective leadership in healthcare. Credibility As a leader in healthcare, one is required to perform all assigned duties, regardless of their size or perceived importance, up to standard, on time, and to the best of one’s ability. Others are interested in one’s past only insofar as it may indicate future capability. They want to know how well one performs one’s duty today, so that they may estimate what one will do tomorrow. The reputation that counts most is the one earns today. Any evidence of slipshod work, halfway measures or â€Å"after-the-fact† excuses will not be viewed favorably (Bryson & Crosby, 1992). For missions to succeed, especially in times of uncertainty, ambiguity, and adversity, leaders in healthcare must live and conduct all their activities so that others may look them squarely in the eye knowing that they are associating with and placing their trust in an honorable individual. Leaders exert themselves to promote the well-being of others. They do something or stand ready to do something for others. They develop self-reliance in others so that they can become effective members of an interdependent team. Self-reliance means that a staff member does not need the presence of the boss to carry out the tactical and operational elements of his or her own job. As a leader, one should state the job to be done but leave it to one’s subordinate to recommend the methods that will accomplish the desired results, at the time required, with due regard for costs (Conger, 1989). If one wants to lead people in healthcare, one has to communicate information directly and honestly. One cannot hem and haw or water down the truth. One has to keep one’s people and the people to whom one reports, grounded in the reality of one’s situation. Although most people believe that they are honest, few are direct. Many women, especially, respect the social value of an indirect approach to problems, and this places them at a disadvantage in leadership situations. If one has trouble with the direct approach, one should put one’s points in writing, structuring them so that when one goes into a meeting, one can use one’s notes as an aid until one feels comfortable in delivering verbal reports without them. Dishonesty of any sort is quickly perceived as very disturbing and unlikable. It also carries a â€Å"permanent† connotation that isn't easily erased. Honesty is a deeply held value and can run all the way from one’s surface sincerity and â€Å"realness† to one’s basic ethics and morality. Conversation or behavior that is not very honest waves a red flag that causes other people to back off and not trust one. Trust is necessary for good communication and good communication is the main tool of successful supervision (Conger, 1989). The defensiveness typically caused by even minor dishonesty shuts down communication. There are many verbal and non-verbal indicators of dishonesty to-watch for, including elusive eye contact, contradictory body language, tone and flow of voice, behavioral inconsistencies and aggressive posture. The effective leader in healthcare models the way he or she desires his or her followers to act. (Kouzes, James & Posner 1987) This characteristic of the effective leader has also been described as the â€Å"management of trust.† (Bennis 1989) The group learns very quickly that it can rely on the leader, who is exactly what he or she appears to be. The actions of a transformation leader represent the beliefs and commitments that are spoken. Building Strong Relationships Interpersonal relationships play a critical role in the management process. As noted by Gabarro (1987,p. 172), â€Å"relationships are the principal means through which organizations are controlled.† Friendships and related social networks in organizations have been investigated in relation to such factors as organizational choice (Kilduff, 1990), turnover and organizational commitment (Krackhardt & Porter, 1985), culture (Krackhardt & Kilduff, 1990), and organizational conflict (Nelson, 1989). Much of the research that has investigated the nature of the leader-follower relationship has taken place within the context of leader-member exchange theory (LMX). Leader-member exchange theory suggests that leaders differentiate among followers in terms of leader behavior rather than enacting â€Å"one best† average leadership style with all followers (Liden & Graen, 1980). The LMX model recognizes the importance and nature of specific leader-follower relationships and emphasizes the differences in the manner in which a leader behaves toward each follower (Vecchio & Gobdel, 1984). A role is informally negotiated between each member of the work group and the leader, and an active exchange of inputs and outcomes occurs between the leader and each follower (Bass, 1990; Dansereau, Graen, & Haga, 1975). Some leader-follower dyads within groups develop roles that are personally satisfying and mutually compatible, while others do not (Graen & Scandura, 1987). Earlier writings referred to followers in the former type of dyad as part of the â€Å"in-group† and the latter as â€Å"out-group† members. Over the years, LMX research has not only verified the existence of differentiated leader-member dyads within groups, but it has also investigated the characteristics of the leader-follower relationship, as well as the process by which leaders develop effective leadership relationships. According to Graen and Uhl-Bien (1995), the development of a leader-member exchange relationship â€Å"is based on the characteristics of the working relationship as opposed to a personal or friendship relationship† (p. 237). LMX is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct, consisting of respect, trust, and mutual obligation, and it refers specifically to these dimensions as they relate to â€Å"individuals' assessments of each other in terms of their professional capabilities and behaviors† (Graen & Uhl-Bien, 1995, p. 238). Vision To lead a group in healthcare, one must have a vision that people support from both a personal and a philosophical perspective. Consider Martin Luther King. What was the vision? His most famous statement, â€Å"I have a dream,† was delivered to more than half a million people who had descended on Washington, D.C., in support of civil rights. What was his dream? Racial equality. Could people relate to that personally and philosophically? Absolutely. Few people argued against the philosophy of racial equality. Furthermore, many supporters believed that he would have a tremendous impact on them personally. King gained overwhelming support because of his vision (Collins & Porgas, 1991). Once leaders develop a vision, they must communicate their ideas. Leaders are often great communicators. Consider Martin Luther King. He had the ability to stir and motivate people, and he excelled when he got in front of a group of people. Former President Abraham Lincoln also had superb speechmaking abilities. One of his speeches, the Gettysburg Address, is so famous that most schoolchildren memorize it at some point in their studies. Communication skills were the strong point of another well-known leader, former President Ronald Reagan. While some people have questioned Reagan's leadership abilities, few questioned his communication skills. Many remember his first State of the Union Address, which was delivered the year after he was wounded by a gunshot from John Hinckley. As with any presidential candidate, there were those who had not voted for him and were not particularly strong supporters. Reagan's address, however, was so stirring and so patriotic that afterward even people who were lukewarm about him wanted to jump to their feet, salute, and flip on their Lee Greenwood tape of â€Å"I'm Proud to Be an American.† The words he chose, and the manner in which he presented them, really touched people (Collins & Porgas, 1991). Passion Passion engenders enthusiasm and creativity. It also drives excellence. Without passion a business is ordinary — for its employees, suppliers and, most importantly, for its customers. It is easier to recognize the absence than the existence of passion. Passion is not a commodity or even an art form that can be taught or bought. It is also quietly frowned on in some circles. Passionate and respected leaders motivate and inspire those around them to share their passion for a product, a concept or an opportunity. By doing so, they encourage others to excel. These leaders recognize the need to foster and embrace a range of complementary talents and experiences. To attract people with these skills and, more importantly, right attitudes, they create the processes and culture to support them. If passion is engendered, encouraged and focused then, all other things being equal, the organization with passion will outperform those without (Bryson & Crosby, 1992). Commitment to Serve Others The effective leader in healthcare empowers others to act. (Kouzes & Posner 1987) He recognizes the potential of the entire organization and freely grants or sanctions individuals the power to act in concert with the group. What appears to be an abdication of power by the leader results in a stronger unison effort? The transformational leader encourages the heart. (Kouzes & Posner 1987) Followers work more effectively if they are frequently praised, and it is the transformational leader who understands the necessity of recognizing their accomplishments. This leadership characteristic suggests that frequent encouragement and praise for even minor accomplishments is appropriate. Positive affirmation does not instill complacency, but instead it results in motivating an individual to perform even better. Mentoring does not have to be one-on-one. With this new twist on an old model, a mentor guides a group of protà ©gà ©s through the complex process of developing their organizational practical understanding and their careers. In the new mentoring model, learning leaders are partners, rather than â€Å"patriarchs.† As experienced organizational veterans with information and knowledge to offer, they act as leaders of group learning and facilitators of group growth. With group mentoring, the setting and emphasis shifts from one-on-one relationships to group relationships. The learning leader helps protà ©gà ©s understand the organization, guides them in analyzing their experiences, and helps them clarify career directions. The process gives the protà ©gà ©s access to the experience and knowledge of a successful, high-level manager. In addition, that help comes from a different paradigm–that of a leader as collaborates. The task of the learning leader is to create an environment for the professional growth of a small group of protà ©gà ©s who can benefit from the experience, knowledge, and support of an organization veteran and of other group members. References Bennis, Warren. (1989). Why Leaders Can't Lead–The Unconscious Conspiracy Continues (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass). Bryson, J. and Crosby, B. (1992). Leadership for the Common Good: Tackling Public Problems in a Shared-Power World. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Collins, J. and Porgas, J. (1991). Organizational Vision and Visionary Organizations. California Management Review (Fall): 36. Conger, J. (1989). The Charismatic Leader: Behind the Mystique of Exceptional Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Gabarro, J. J. (1987). The development of working relationships. In J. W. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 172-189). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Graen, G. B., & Scandura, T A. (1987). Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. In L. L Cummings & B. M. Shaw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 175-208). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247. Kilduff, M. (1990). The interpersonal structure of decision making: A social comparison approach to organizational choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 47(2), 270288. Kouzes, James M.   and Posner, Barry Z. (1987). The Leadership Challenge (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass). Krackhardt, D., & Kilduff, M. (1990). Friendship patterns and culture: The control of organizational diversity. American Anthropologist, 92(1), 142-154. Krackhardt, D., & Porter, L. W. (1985). When friends leave: A structural analysis of the relationship between turnover and stayers' attitudes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30, 242-261. Liden, R. C., & Graen, G. (1980). Generalizability of the vertical dyad linkage model of leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 451-465. Nelson, R. E. (1989). The strength of strong ties: Social networks and intergroup conflict in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 32(2), 377-401. Vecchio, R. P., & Gobdel, B. C. (1984). The vertical dyad linkage model of leadership: Problems and prospects. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34, 5-20.   

Message in a Bottle

Theresa Osborne, a former reporter, works as a researcher for the  Chicago Tribune. On a trip to  Cape Cod, she finds a mysterious, intriguing love letter in a bottle in the sand, addressed from Garret to Catherine. She is fascinated by it and comes into possession of two more letters by the same person, eventually tracking down the man who wrote them, Garret Blake. He has refurbished a boat called  Happenstence  with his wife before her death and he lives quietly on the  Outer Banks  of  North Carolina  near his father, Dodge.Theresa and Garret become better acquainted, but she does not reveal her knowledge of the love letters. Along with the literal distance between them — they live hundreds of miles apart—there is another problem: Garret cannot quite forgive Catherine for dying and leaving him. Theresa's career flourishes as the romantic tale of the â€Å"messages in a bottle† is told in print, without naming names. Garret makes a trip to Chica go to visit Theresa and her young son. Their new love grows, until one day Garret finds his letters in a drawer in Theresa's apartment.Garret angrily confronts Theresa, and after a night of explanations, he goes home by himself. A year later, Dodge tracks down Theresa. He informs her that his son Garret has died at sea in a storm while attempting to rescue someone else. A bottle with a message inside was found on his boat. Theresa realizes that it was written a night before Garrett's last sailing. In it, he apologizes to Catherine and says that in Theresa he has found a new love, a love he must fight for. Message in a Bottle Nicholas Sparks Nicholas Charles Sparks  (born December 31, 1965) is an  American  novelist  and  screenwriter.He has 17 published novels. Eight have been adapted to films, including  Message in a Bottle,  A Walk to Remember,  The Notebook,  Nights in Rodanthe,  Dear John,  The Last Song,  The Lucky One, and most recently  Safe Haven. S parks resides in  North Carolina[12]  with his wife, Cathy; their three sons, Miles, Ryan, and Landon; and twin daughters, Lexie and Savannah. Sparks has donated a  track  to  New Bern High School  and contributes to local and national charities. Nicholas Sparks donated $900,000 for a new, all-weather tartan track, to New Bern High School.He also donates his time to help coach the New Bern High School track team and a local club track team as a volunteer head coach. [13]  He contributes to the  Creative Writing  Program (MFA) at theUniversity of Notre Dame  by funding  scholarships,  internships  and annual  fellowships. In 2008,  Entertainment Weekly  reported that Sparks and his wife had donated â€Å"close to $10 million† to start a Christian, international, college-prep  private school, The Epiphany School, which emphasizes travel and lifelong learning. Location:The beaches of north Carolina witnessed how a woman who no longer believed in love, and a man who thought he could never love again found each other. Opinion : Message in a Bottle is deeply moving, beautifully written and extremely romantic novel that anyone can’t get over. If not for my book report I will not change anything in the story because the story is really one of a kind. And if I change it, what will be the essence of reading it, then criticizing it after ? But, I’m doing this for my book report so I will change the fact that Catherine died before she gave birth to their baby.And also the fact that she died because of an elderly man who lost control of his car. Maybe I’ll change it for SHE DIED AFTER GIVING BIRTH TO THE BABY. Because it is so unfair to Garett that he was left alone. Atleast if he had a child he will be happy even before Theresa had come to his life because a part of Catherine is still living. Body: Theresa Osborne, a former reporter, works as a researcher for the  Chicago Tribune. On a trip to  Cape Cod, sh e finds a mysterious, intriguing love letter in a bottle in the sand, addressed from Garret to Catherine.She is fascinated by it and comes into possession of two more letters by the same person, eventually tracking down the man who wrote them, Garret Blake. He has refurbished a boat called  Happenstence  with his wife before her death and he lives quietly on the  Outer Banks  of  North Carolina  near his father, Jeb Blake. Theresa and Garret become better acquainted, but she does not reveal her knowledge of the love letters. Along with the literal distance between them — they live hundreds of miles apart—there is another problem: Garret cannot quite forgive Catherine for dying and leaving him.Theresa's career flourishes as the romantic tale of the â€Å"messages in a bottle† is told in print, without naming names. Garret makes a trip to Chicago to visit Theresa and her young son. Their new love grows, until one day Garret finds his letters in a drawe r in Theresa's apartment. Garret angrily confronts Theresa, and after a night of explanations, he goes home by himself. A year later, Jeb Blake tracks down Theresa. He informs her that his son Garret has died at sea in a storm while attempting to rescue someone else.A bottle with a message inside was found on his boat. Theresa realizes that it was written a night before Garrett's last sailing. In it, he apologizes to Catherine and says that in Theresa he has found a new love, a love he must fight for. Conclusion: If I’m going to make the ending. I still don’t want it to be a â€Å"happily ever after love story†. They will realize that Garett is still alive but he didn’t remember anything about Theresa Osborne in short he will have a selective amnesia. So they end up living their own lives as it was before .

H Cae

Assignment # 1 Roll# 10126006 Name: Awais Nawaz TSCM APT-304 Tasks 1. Identify Products range they deal in H&M brand deals in: †¢ Assecories †¢ Suitning for women& men †¢ High volume fashion basics for men&women †¢ Swimwear †¢ Nightwear †¢ Underwear †¢ Ladies Footwear †¢ Cosmetics †¢ Childrenwear †¢ Children apparel 2. Identify Customers (Consumers) H&M brand’s customers are: †¢ Men †¢ Women †¢ Teenagers †¢ Children 3. Identify Means of Competition (Why will consumer buy the products ) H&M retail stores have products that are High Fashionable & Quality at low prices.H&M has advanced technology integration such as EDI, GPS and RFID. ? EDI: H&M stores used EDI system to check the availability of the product in other stores. ? GPS Technology: H&M has GPS technology, customers snap a picture of virtual articles of clothing and pinpoint a shopper’s location store where they did window shopping. ? RFID: H&M used RFID system to track its product inventory and real-time location acsess for products in warehouse. There are differnet competitors of H&M like: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Express Zara NY&C Forever 21 1 †¢ GAP 4.Which are the infrastructure related aspects the company excels in H&M brand has its own distribution centre are quite good. H&M does not own any factories. Instead, clothes and other products are commissioned from around 700 independent suppliers, primiraly in Asia and Euorpe. H&M has 2200 retail stores operate in 40 countries around world. 5. Product sources Soureces of H&M brand are Asia and Euorpe. About two third of thier supplier have production in Asia. Asia product suppliers are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ China Compodia India Pakistan Indonesia South Korea and Sri Lanka.The remaining suppliers are in Europe for the most part. They are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 6. Turkey Italy Portugal Greece Bulgaria Romania Lithuania Poland and England. Supplier processes Suppliers for H&M Brands are; Full production, private brand and branded manufacture. Full production: †¢ †¢ Supplier buys all the material and is responsible for them. H&M gives design and product specifications to its suppliers. Private brand: †¢ H&M supplier is responsible for quality and H&M retailer may return all faulty goods returned to them by the consumer. Branded manufacturing: †¢ All Design is done by the H&M. †¢ Marketing and Retailing are controlled by H&M. 7. Retail processes H&M has its own retail Outlets. A key ingredient in retailing success is the strength of a company's distribution channels. In some markets H is collaborating with franchise partners, but franchising is not part of the general expansion strategy. 8. Brand retailer H is a brand retailer, becuase of the following factors: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 9. It has its own product designs. Marke ting Sourcing And Retailing. Product conceptsProduct concept of H is that to offer high fashion and quality products at the best price, quality also means that the products must be manufactured in away that is environmentally and socially sustainable. 10. Marketing strategy H brand’s marketing strategy is Generating ‘Word of Mouth’ through ‘fashion and quality at the best price' and other mediums such as: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Outdoor advertising Direct market H Magazine Fashion blog: http://www. popbee. com/ Video advertisements Print advertisements E-marketing H own website (www. m. com). 3 11. Draw a Supply Chain Model Supply Chain Model Retailer’s Locations Africa(Egypt, Morocco) Asia(China,Japan, Saudi Arab, UAE,South Korea, Singapor, ThaiLand, Oman) North America( Canada, US) South America: Chile Europe( Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Russia, Finland, Turkey, Switzerland, Norway, Greece, Poland) Dis tribution Network Own Distribution Network ‘Swedish’ Sourcing Locations Asia(China, India, Pakistan, Sout Korea, Sri Lanka) Euorpe(Turkey, Italy, Greece, Poland, England) 4 H Cae Assignment # 1 Roll# 10126006 Name: Awais Nawaz TSCM APT-304 Tasks 1. Identify Products range they deal in H&M brand deals in: †¢ Assecories †¢ Suitning for women& men †¢ High volume fashion basics for men&women †¢ Swimwear †¢ Nightwear †¢ Underwear †¢ Ladies Footwear †¢ Cosmetics †¢ Childrenwear †¢ Children apparel 2. Identify Customers (Consumers) H&M brand’s customers are: †¢ Men †¢ Women †¢ Teenagers †¢ Children 3. Identify Means of Competition (Why will consumer buy the products ) H&M retail stores have products that are High Fashionable & Quality at low prices.H&M has advanced technology integration such as EDI, GPS and RFID. ? EDI: H&M stores used EDI system to check the availability of the product in other stores. ? GPS Technology: H&M has GPS technology, customers snap a picture of virtual articles of clothing and pinpoint a shopper’s location store where they did window shopping. ? RFID: H&M used RFID system to track its product inventory and real-time location acsess for products in warehouse. There are differnet competitors of H&M like: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Express Zara NY&C Forever 21 1 †¢ GAP 4.Which are the infrastructure related aspects the company excels in H&M brand has its own distribution centre are quite good. H&M does not own any factories. Instead, clothes and other products are commissioned from around 700 independent suppliers, primiraly in Asia and Euorpe. H&M has 2200 retail stores operate in 40 countries around world. 5. Product sources Soureces of H&M brand are Asia and Euorpe. About two third of thier supplier have production in Asia. Asia product suppliers are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ China Compodia India Pakistan Indonesia South Korea and Sri Lanka.The remaining suppliers are in Europe for the most part. They are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 6. Turkey Italy Portugal Greece Bulgaria Romania Lithuania Poland and England. Supplier processes Suppliers for H&M Brands are; Full production, private brand and branded manufacture. Full production: †¢ †¢ Supplier buys all the material and is responsible for them. H&M gives design and product specifications to its suppliers. Private brand: †¢ H&M supplier is responsible for quality and H&M retailer may return all faulty goods returned to them by the consumer. Branded manufacturing: †¢ All Design is done by the H&M. †¢ Marketing and Retailing are controlled by H&M. 7. Retail processes H&M has its own retail Outlets. A key ingredient in retailing success is the strength of a company's distribution channels. In some markets H is collaborating with franchise partners, but franchising is not part of the general expansion strategy. 8. Brand retailer H is a brand retailer, becuase of the following factors: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 9. It has its own product designs. Marke ting Sourcing And Retailing. Product conceptsProduct concept of H is that to offer high fashion and quality products at the best price, quality also means that the products must be manufactured in away that is environmentally and socially sustainable. 10. Marketing strategy H brand’s marketing strategy is Generating ‘Word of Mouth’ through ‘fashion and quality at the best price' and other mediums such as: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Outdoor advertising Direct market H Magazine Fashion blog: http://www. popbee. com/ Video advertisements Print advertisements E-marketing H own website (www. m. com). 3 11. Draw a Supply Chain Model Supply Chain Model Retailer’s Locations Africa(Egypt, Morocco) Asia(China,Japan, Saudi Arab, UAE,South Korea, Singapor, ThaiLand, Oman) North America( Canada, US) South America: Chile Europe( Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Russia, Finland, Turkey, Switzerland, Norway, Greece, Poland) Dis tribution Network Own Distribution Network ‘Swedish’ Sourcing Locations Asia(China, India, Pakistan, Sout Korea, Sri Lanka) Euorpe(Turkey, Italy, Greece, Poland, England) 4

Is ObamaCare Bad for Business? Essay

On March 23rd, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into legislation the â€Å"Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.† Since then, the new bill, nicknamed â€Å"ObamaCare,† has sparked heated controversy all across the country between Democrats and Republicans, each side fiercely tearing at each other with facts and statistics. I was curious as to what all the hoopla was about, so I decided to look into ObamaCare, and find out what I could about the 2,000-page mandate. I decided to discuss ObamaCare with my step mom, who owns a health clinic in Oregon. Getting a small business owner’s point of view on ObamaCare seemed a smart way to get a more objective understanding of how the public was reacting, aside from any political squabble that tends to drown out the issue at hand. While talking with her, she explained how she was forced to shut down her clinic because of ObamaCare. That moment narrowed the focus of my research into one crucial question: Is ObamaCare good or bad for small businesses in America? This is a question that is very complex, as the answer can be a yes, no, or in-between. Democrats support the mandate, while Republicans reject it. Hence the controversy surrounding the bill. To further my understanding, I went online and tried filtering through the immense plethora of information on ObamaCare. My next step would be to get a general understanding of what the bill is, and how it works. From what I could gather, ObamaCare is basically a mandate that requires all Americans to have health insurance by 2015, or else suffer a hefty penalty that will increase with each year. The main focus of the mandate is towards individuals and small businesses whom cannot afford health insurance. According to Karen Pollitz at abcnews.com, ObamaCare is â€Å"a law enacted to ensure that all Americans have access to affordable health insurance. It does this by offering consumers discounts (known as tax credits) on government-sponsored health insurance plans, and by expanding the Medicaid assistance program to include more people who don’t have it in their budgets to pay for health care.† To get back to the question at hand, is ObamaCare good for small businesses? Democrats really seem to believe so. As was said before, Democrats support the mandate, and claim that ObamaCare has helped improve the economy since the law was signed. Not only that, but the mandate has cut healthcare costs. According to obamacarefacts.com, when asked about ObamaCare hurting small businesses, the response was addressed as â€Å"The unbiased truth on ObamaCare and Small Business.† The response stated that ObamaCare helps most small businesses, not hurts them. The response goes on to address how small business owners have had a harder time providing insurance to their employees through history as a result of rising insurance costs. All the while larger businesses remain largely unaffected. The website also states that â€Å"today, almost half of America’s uninsured are small business owners, employees, or their dependents.† Small businesses can also apply for a tax credit to help with insurance costs by using ObamaCare, for up to 35% of costs for 2 years, depending on the circumstances. To restate what was said earlier about what ObamaCare basically is, the mandate includes a certain clause that says that businesses that refuse to offer insurance coverage to employees and individuals who do not have insurance by the end of 2014 will be forced to pay a heavy penalty, about $2-3,000 per uninsured employee. The rates increase each year as well, which should deter large businesses from dropping employees or cutting back everyone’s hours to part-time, to make sure employees get the benefits they deserve. Here comes the messy part: the political backlash of Republicans refuting the so-called â€Å"facts.† Republicans are dead set on their opinion that ObamaCare is bad for small businesses, not good. To begin refuting the Democrats’ claims, the tax credit that small businesses can apply for is not as sweet as the candy looks. Yes, you can apply for the tax credit, but what the Democrats failed to mention is that you have to go through four complicated tests to even qualify. Less than a fourth of small businesses make it past the first three tests trying to get the tax credit. Not to mention that the credit only lasts two years at the most, not very long at  all. This makes the credit practically useless, as it is not even assured you will get the full 35%, but rather you can receive up to 35% of the credit, depending on your circumstances. President Obama had a famous quote from when he was first advertising ObamaCare: â€Å"If you like your current health plan you can keep it. We don’t want you to have to change.† This quote haunts the President amidst reports that 3.5 million Americans who purchase health care plans on their own have now lost their coverage because of ObamaCare. Scott Gottlieb writes, â€Å"Very soon, small businesses will share a similar fate.† They will also see their health plans canceled as a result of ObamaCare. These small businesses will be faced with a bleak choice: find another, more costly policy that’s compliant with ObamaCare, or put their employees in the ObamaCare exchange. While a smaller percentage of business plans may get canceled (relative to the fraction of individual market plans that are now being terminated) the small group market is nonetheless much bigger than the individual market. Even if ObamaCare materially affects a smaller slice of the business plans, it will still encumber far more people than the 3.5 million individuals now losing coverage. Some small businesses used a loophole last year in 2013 so that they could delay the mandate requirements until January 1st, 2015. That means they should be getting their cancellation notices in the mail around November of 2014. News of these cancellations will go directly to the employees, much like the cancellations being sent out now. After researching diligently on ObamaCare, the question I started off with in the beginning is ready to be answered.Yes, there are many bad things about the mandate that affect businesses, such as loss of coverage to employees, penalties that cost businesses their revenue, and people losing their coverage entirely. There are also some good things about the mandate too, like some small businesses will be able to cover their employees with healthcare for the first time. Small businesses can also receeive tax credits and tax breaks to help them survive our economic hardships. But the debate goes on, and every person has their own opinions and bias on the issue, which in turn answers the question for them. For me, I do not like  ObamaCare one bit, as it implies that the needs of the few outweigh the needs of the many in terms of healthcare. But that is a question of personal ethics, not the effects of ObamaCare. Works Cited Gottlieb, Scott. â€Å"Thousands Of Small Businesses Will Also Start Losing Their Current Health Policies Under Obamacare. Here’s Why.† Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 6 Nov. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottgottlieb/2013/11/06/thousands-of-small-businesses-will-also-start-losing-their-current-health-policies-under-obamacare-heres-why/ â€Å"What Is Obamacare?.† About.com US Economy. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. http://useconomy.about.com/od/healthcarereform/f/What-Is-Obama-Care.htm â€Å"ObamaCare: 2.5 million more jobs lost, another trillion in deficit spending.† Human Events. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. http://www.humanevents.com/2014/02/04/obamacare-2-5-million-more-jobs-lost-another-trillion-in-deficit-spending/ â€Å"ObamaCare Small Business Facts.† ObamaCare Small Business Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. http://obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-smallbusiness.php Neporent, Liz. â€Å"Obamacare Explained (Like You’r e An Idiot).† ABC News. ABC News Network, 23 Dec. 2013. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. http://abcnews.go.com/Health/obamacare-explained-idiot/story?id=21292932 â€Å"Is Obamacare Financially Burdensome for Businesses? – DEBATED.† Obamacare/ Health Care Laws. N.p., 11 Oct. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. http://healthcarereform.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=001840

Activism and Change for New South Wales Prison in Australia

The proportion of the assaults in overcrowded New South Wales has soared up to 37 percent. Between the 20 th and 21 st centuries, the imprisonment rate in NSW rose by 20 percent. In 2008, the capital expenditure and net recurrent on the Australian’ prisons were noted exceeding over $2.6 billion per year (Butler & Kariminia, 2010, p. 19). The strategies to reduce imprisonment was not being successful. In the same time, the rate of indigenous imprisonment rose by percentage of 41. More than 27,000 people were held in the prison where it could cost the prison $200 daily to keep that particular person in the prison. Back two decades, Territory governments and the states have come up with alternatives in prisoning the criminals. This assisted in curbing the growth of the numbers in the prisons as well as correctional outlays. It is evidenced that these sprouting alternatives are effective in reducing imprisonment which is quite costly. Due to the current developments in Australia, the rate of crime has reduced. The political shift has contributed to escalating rates of imprisonment and introduction of justice in criminal strategy in reliance on crime response (Preen, 2011, p. 66).In the NSW there was the introduction of justice reinvestment. The movement is gaining a lot of traction in Australia. Justice reinvestment is concerned with the advancement of fiscally-sound, the criminal justice and data-driven policies in breaking the recidivism, make the safety of the communities and avert the prison's expenditure (Krieg, 2007, p. 532). The aim of the strategy is to quantify subsequent reinvestments and savings in the high-stakes of the neighborhoods in which majority of the people who are released from the jails and the prisons return. For example; abandoned housing, redeveloping and the better coordinating of services which include; treatment of the mental health, substance abuse, education and job training. In Austr alia, the justice reinvestments strategies have started to gain political traction in the aid of pressure-groups work; for instance, Sydney-based Crime and the Justice Reform Committees (CJRC) which was established by Hal Sperling QC, the retired judge of the Supreme Court in NSW. Eventually, the dominant factors of reducing the rate of property crime appeared to be justice reinvestment, reduction of heroin use, managing the long terms unemployment and the rising of weekly earnings. Due to the rapidly increasing population in the NSW prisons, the stakeholders came up with some ways to reduce this population growth in the prisons. Some of the ways to reduce Aboriginal incarceration rate include; Empowering the communities was one of the best ways of reducing the Aboriginal rates  (Baldwin & Leete, 2012). The empowerment will make the people not to engage in offensive behaviors to meet their needs. Provision of loans to the Aboriginal people made it possible to reduce the crime rates which in turn reduce the populations in the prisons. Aboriginal leadership and Employment are crucial ways for successful reduction of the population in the NSW prisons  (Butler & Kariminia, 2010). There was a strong Aboriginal women group who held a position on the committees who worked as liaison officers. They dealt with the offenders when the police officers were not around.   The youths were trained in horticulture and tourism jobs. These programs assist in reducing the domestic violence rates. When the population of the young offenders was noticed being high in the prisons, the government introduce some passages of their mentoring program and imaginations which include, sport, IT and music. In NSW, the prisoners were given a chance to go for boxing training 3 times weekly  (Krieg, 2007). The trainers were mentoring these young people because they were elder. This changed the attitudes of the offenders and could not engage in crime because they feared being jailed. The Australian state copied Canadian model known as healing lodges. The lodges are set according to the Aboriginal culture where the Aboriginal staff was the majority  (Maplestone, 2006). In the healing lodges, there was a therapeutic treatment which assisted the residents to overcome the driving force to offending. There were also programs for spiritual healing. The spiritual programs assisted the offenders by drawing attention to the Aboriginal ancestors who could bring the connections with the land, culture, and family leading to population reduction in the prisons. To achieve the national agenda reform, the government propose some reforms which will move the mere concept of justice reinvestment leading to the measurable and tangible national reforms agenda. For the government to succeed, it established sites for local implementation (Weatherburn & Corben, 2009, p. 6). The government has set some goals which would help in creating justice in the NSW. Goal 1. Improvement of all the Australian systems of justice in order to deliver justice needs comprehensively of the Torres’ Strait Islander and Aboriginal people in a very equitable and fair manner. Goal 2. Reduction of Torres Straits Islander and Aboriginal offenders, victims, and defenders in the systems of criminal justice. Goal 3. Making sure that the people feel safe in the places of residence. Goal 4.   Safety increment and offending reduction within the indigenous communities through addressing of alcohol and the substance abuse. The NSW correction systems contain two main components. There are about 13,000 inmates on prison side (Hew & Simba, 2013, p. 20). There are around 60 offices on community side and around the estate. The aim was to supervise the offenders in the community serving the court orders from the community services orders to parole. Its main goal is the preservation of the community’s safety through keeping the inmates secure, reducing reoffending and supervision of the community’s offenders.   The corrective Services' need is the provision of education to the inmates, vocational training and coming up with programs of addressing the behavior offending (Kilroy, 2016, p. 8). Corrections system has undergone a significant change because there are government investments over extra programs and dozen current prisons in reducing reoffending and raising standards. There are complex needs for women prisoners. The women's needs are vulnerable and complex in high population prisons. The complex connections between the economic, social, gathered issues and health are brought to greater focus during the process of looking disadvantaged group, for instance, Aboriginal women (Maplestone, 2006, p. 10). Indigenous women are making a high population percentage in the NWS imprisoned women. Some qualitative studies were conducted to learn the needs and experiences of the indigenous women are involved in the criminal justice systems. It was thought that the indigenous women are overrepresented because of the over policing in the Aboriginal community. The sentence lengths were reduced by the license release systems.   There was the conviction of corruption in the imprisonment in the conjunction of the scheme. Due to lack of transparency in the prisons, the National Reform found it challenging in controlling the criminal offenses in the NSW prisons. The Government has set recommendations in advancing the justice issues in the prisons. The government has come up with the establishment of; Rehabilitation centers: It is an essential element of providing safety in the community in delivering an effective response in promoting rehabilitation and reducing reoffending. It has been a key consideration for framing the deliberations of the panel in its reviews of availability of rehabilitation evidence in the current practice. One of the ways to safeguard a community is by imprisoning the offenders. The community as well can be protected by minimizing offensive likelihood after the release. The protective factors when emphasized can help in reducing the population in the prisons. The individual risk involves one avoiding such experiences which trigger in committing a crime. These factors include; peers, family ties, life experiences and the community environment. Risk factors may include; criminal behavior, family breakdown, living conditions and poor health. The government has emphasized more on meeting the basic needs and self-actualization. It was realized that by the government that offending it is not criminal and legal justice problem, offending is also a social problem which has effects and social causes (Vienna, 2014, p. 124). There are some social factors that contribute to the likelihood of criminal behavior. International research has shown that there are strong links between social factors, individual and predisposition in reoffending.   The government has come up with workshops which help in reorganizing one’s behavior and ceasing the injustice ways. Baldwin, J., & Leete, J. (2012). the challenge of an aging prison population. Behind bars, 1, 16-20. Butler, T., & Kariminia, A. (2010). Perspectives and epidemiology. Prison violence, 17, 17-20. Hew, R., & Simba, T. (2013). Barriers to Parole for Aboriginal and Torres Strait. Prisoners' legal service, 10, 1-26. Kilroy, D. (2016). Women in Prison in Australia. Current Issues in Sentencing, 2, 1-12. Krieg, A. S. (2007). health and social impacts. Aboriginal incarceration, 184, 534-536. Maplestone, P. (2006). Ex-Prisoners, Homelessness and the State in Australia. Prison, 39, 1-14. Osborn, M. (2013). New South Wales, Australia. Oral health status of prison inmates, 40, 34-38. Preen, D. B. (2011). estimating the number of deaths among. Counting the cost:, 195, 64-68. Vienna. (2014). Women and Imprisonment. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION. Weatherburn, D., & Corben, S. (2009). Crime and Justice, 138, 1-12